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Fig.: 1 Carbohydrates are a fundamental class of biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They serve as a primary source of energy and play critical roles in various physiological processes. Carbohydrates are classified based on their size, structure, and function into various types, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Fig.: 2 1. Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. They serve as the building blocks for more complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are further categorized based on the number of carbon atoms they contain: Trioses: Monosaccharides with three carbon atoms (e.g., glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone). Tetroses: Monosaccharides with four carbon atoms. Pentoses: Monosaccharides with five carbon atoms (e.g., ribose and deoxyribose, components of nucleic acids). Hexoses: Monosaccharides with six carbon atoms (e.g., glucose, fructose, and galactose). 2. Disaccharides D